ABSTRACT
The integrative study of the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of a drug has been of great research interest due to its authentic description of the biomedical and clinical pros and cons. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-4-aminophenol, AcAP) is a well-known analgesic having a high therapeutic value, including the Covid-19 treatment. However, an overdose of the drug (>200 mg/kg of men) can lead to liver toxicity. An intermediate, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), metabolite formation has been found to be responsible for the toxicity. For the detection of NAPQI, several ex situ techniques based on electrochemical methods followed by nuclear magnetic resonance, high-performance liquid chromatography, and LC-MS were stated. For the first time, we report an in situ electrochemical approach for AcAP oxidation and NAPQI intermediate (Mw = 149.1 g mol-1) trapping on a graphitic nanomaterial, carbon black (CB)-modified electrode in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution (CB@NAPQI). The NAPQI-trapped electrode exhibited a surface-confined redox peak at E°′ = 0.350 ± 0.05 V vs Ag/AgCl with a surface excess value of 3.52 n mol cm-2. Physicochemical characterizations by scanning electron microscopy, Raman, FTIR, and in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) techniques supported the entrapment of the molecular species. Furthermore, the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique has been adopted for surface-mapping the true active site of the NAPQI-trapped electrode. As a biomimetic study, the mediated oxidation reaction of NADH by CB@NAPQI was demonstrated, and the mechanistic and quantitative aspects were studied using cyclic voltammetry, rotating disc electrode, amperometry, and flow injection analysis techniques. © 2023 American Chemical Society.
ABSTRACT
The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a threat to public health globally, and rapid and accurate identification of the viruses is crucial for controlling COVID-19. In recent years, nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing techniques hold immense potential for molecular diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we briefly introduced the structural characteristics and routine detection methods of SARS-CoV-2, then summarized the associated properties and mechanisms of the electrochemical biosensing methods. On the above basis, the research progress of electrochemical biosensors based on gold nanomaterials, oxide nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials and other nanomaterials for rapid and accurate detection of virus were reviewed. Finally, the future applications of nanomaterial-based biosensors for biomolecular diagnostics were pointed out. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a threat to public health globally, and rapid and accurate identification of the viruses is crucial for controlling COVID-19. In recent years, nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing techniques hold immense potential for molecular diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we briefly introduced the structural characteristics and routine detection methods of SARS-CoV-2, then summarized the associated properties and mechanisms of the electrochemical biosensing methods. On the above basis, the research progress of electrochemical biosensors based on gold nanomaterials, oxide nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials and other nanomaterials for rapid and accurate detection of virus were reviewed. Finally, the future applications of nanomaterial-based biosensors for biomolecular diagnostics were pointed out. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Our recently published1 investigation of an aptamer-based electrochemical (E-AB) assay that recognizes the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva for viral infection detection yielded an exceptionally low limit of quantification of less than 0.001 fg mL-1 of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit. Since this work, we have also been able to demonstrate detection of inactivated virus in saliva. © 2021 MicroTAS 2021 - 25th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
We report the development of an electrochemical sensor platform for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA that integrates loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), CRISPR-based detection, and anti-fouling nanocomposite coating. By integrating LAMP amplification with CRISPR, we achieved ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA at levels as low as 5 copies µL-1. Data from this electrochemical diagnostic platform was comparable to traditional RT-PCR methodology in a fraction of the time, at low cost, and without requiring laboratory space. © 2021 MicroTAS 2021 - 25th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there remains a need for fast, accurate and low-cost diagnostic tests to prevent outbreaks. We have developed an electrochemical capillary-flow driven immunoassay (eCaDI) capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein in self-administered nasal samples at the point of care (POC). The low-cost device is made of polyester and adhesive films and provides sequential delivery of sample and reagents to a detection zone integrating a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with anti-N protein antibodies from a single addition of sample, automating the steps of an ELISA. The modified electrodes are highly sensitive and selective for COVID-19 N protein and were successfully applied to test clinical samples. The novelty of this work resides in the integration of sensitive electrochemical detection with pump-free capillary-flow assay, providing accuracy at the POC. Previously reported systems are slow and/or require multiple user steps reducing the utility for POC applications relative to the system reported here. © 2021 MicroTAS 2021 - 25th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. All rights reserved.